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【名称】


《领海及邻接区公约》

 (Convention for the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone)

【发布单位】联合国大会
【发布日期】一九五八年四月二十九日通过Done at Geneva on 29 April 1958


【章节索引】
第一编 领海
》第一节 总则 §1
》第二节 领海之界限 §3
》第三节 无害通过权 §14
第二编 邻接区 §24
第三编 最后条款 §25


【内容】

第一编  领海  第一节  总 则

PART I.TERRITORIAL SEA  SECTION I. GENERAL

第1条


  一、国家主权及于本国领陆及内国水域以外邻接本国海岸之一带海洋,称为领海。
  二、此项主权依本条款规定及国际法其他规则行使之。

Article 1


  1. The sovereignty of a State extends, beyond its land territory and its internal waters, to a belt of sea adjacent to its coast, described as the territorial sea.
  2. This sovereignty is exercised subject to the provisions of these articles and to other rules of international law.

第2条


  沿海国之主权及于领海之上空及其海床与底土。

Article 2


  The sovereignty of a coastal State extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as to its bed and subsoil.
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第一编  领海  第二节  领海之界限

SECTION II. LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA

第3条


  除本条款另有规定外,测算领海宽度之正常基线为沿海国官方承认之大比例尺海图所标明之海岸低潮线。

Article 3


  Except where otherwise provided in these articles, the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State.

第4条


  一、在海岸线甚为曲折之地区,或沿岸岛屿罗列密迩海岸之处,得采用以直线连接酌定各点之方法划定测算领海宽度之基线。
  二、划定此项基线不得与海岸一般方法相去过远,且基线内之海面必须充分接近领陆方属内国水域范围。
  三、低潮高地不得作为划定基线之起迄点,但其上建有经常高出海平面之灯塔或类似设置者,不在此限。
  四、遇有依第一项规定可适用直线基数方法之情形,关系区域内之特殊经济利益经由长期惯例证明实在而重要者,得于确定特定基线时予以注意。
  五、一国适用直线基线办法不得使他国领海与公海隔绝。
  六、沿海国应将此项直线基线在海图上标明,并妥为通告周知。

Article 4


  1. In localities where the coastline is deeply indented and cut into, or if there is a fringe of islands along the coast in its immediate vicinity, the method of straight baselines joining appropriate points may be employed in drawing the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
  2.The drawing of such baselines must not depart to any appreciable extent from the general direction of the coast, and the sea areas lying within the lines must be sufficiently closely linked to the land domain to be subject to the regime of internal waters.
  3.Baselines shall not be drawn to and from low-tide elevations, unless lighthouses or similar installations which are permanently above sea level have been built on them.
  4.Where the method of straight baselines is applicable under the provisions of paragraph 1, account may be taken, in determining particular baselines, of economic interests peculiar to the region concerned, the reality and the importance of which are clearly evidenced by a long usage.
  5.The system of straight baselines may not be applied by a State in such a manner as to cut off from the high seas the territorial sea of another State.
  6.The coastal State must clearly indicate straight baselines on charts, to which due publicity must be given.

第5条


  一、领海基线向陆一方之水域构成一国内国水域之一部份。
  二、依第四条划定直线基线致使原先认为领海或公海一部份之水面划属内国水域时,在此项水面内应有第十四条至第二十三条所规定之无害通过权。

Article 5


  1.Waters on the landward side of the baseline of the territorial sea form part of the internal waters of the State.
  2.Where the establishment of a straight baseline in accordance with article 4 has the effect of enclosing as internal waters areas which previously had been considered as part of the territorial sea or of the high seas, a right of innocent passage, as provided in articles 14 to 23, shall exist in those waters.

第6条


  领海之外部界限为每一点与基线上最近之点距离等于领海宽度之线。

Article 6


  The outer limit of the territorial sea is the line every point of which is at a distance from the nearest point of the baseline equal to the breadth of the territorial sea.

第7条


  一、本条仅对海岸属于一国之海湾加以规定。
  二、本条款所称海湾指明显之水曲,其内曲程度与入口阔度之比例使其中之水成陆地包围状,而不仅为海岸之弯曲处。但水曲除其面积等于或大于以连贯曲口之线为直径画成之平圆形者外,不得视为海湾。
  三、测定水曲面积,以水曲沿岸周围之低潮标与连接其天然入口各端低潮标之线间之面积为准。水曲因有岛屿致曲口不止一处者,半圆形应以各口口径长度之总和为直径画成之。水曲内岛屿应视为水曲水面之一部份。一并计入之。
  四、海湾天然入口各端低潮标间之距离不超过二十四浬者,得在此两低潮标之间划定收口线,其所围入之水域视为内国水域。
  五、如海湾天然入口各端低潮标间之距离超过二十四浬,应在湾内划定长度二十四浬之直线基线,并择其可能围入最大水面之一线。
  六、前列规定不适用于所谓历史性海湾或采用第四条所载直线基线办法之任何情形。

Article 7


  1.This article relates only to bays the coasts of which belong to a single State.
  2.For the purposes of these articles, a bay is a well-marked indentation whose penetration is in such proportion to the width of its mouth as to contain land-locked waters and constitute more than a mere curvature of the coast. An indentation shall not, however, be regarded as a bay unless its area is as large as, or larger than, that of the semicircle whose diameter is a line drawn across the mouth of that indentation.
  3.For the purpose of measurement, the area of an indentation is that lying between the low-water mark around the shore of the indentation and a line joining the low-water marks of its natural entrance points. Where, because of the presence of islands, an indentation has more than one mouth, the semicircle shall be drawn on a line as long as the sum total of the lengths of the lines across the different mouths. Islands within an indentation shall be included as if they were part of the water areas of the indentation.
  4. If the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay does not exceed twenty-four miles, a closing line may be drawn between these two low-water marks, and the waters enclosed thereby shall be considered as internal waters.
  5.Where the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance points of a bay exceed twenty-four miles, a straight baseline of twenty-four miles shall be drawn within the bay in such a manner as to enclose the maximum area of water that is possible with a line of that length.
  6.The foregoing provisions shall not apply to so-called “historic” bays, or in any case where the straight baseline system provided for in article 4 is applied.

第8条


  定领海界限时,出海最远之永久海港工程属于整个海港系统之内者应视为构成海岸之一部份。

Article 8


  For the purpose of delimiting the territorial sea, the outermost permanent harbour works which form an integral part of the harbour system shall be regarded as forming part of the coast.

第9条


  凡通常供船舶装卸及下锚用途之泊船处,虽全部或一部位于领海外部界限以外,仍属领海范围。沿海国应将此项泊船处明加界划,并在海图上连同其界线一并载明;此项界线应妥为通告周知。

Article 9


  Roadsteads which are normally used for the loading, unloading and anchoring of ships, and which would otherwise be situated wholly or partly outside the outer limit of the territorial sea, are included in the territorial sea. The coastal State must clearly demarcate such roadsteads and indicate them on charts together with their boundaries, to which due publicity must be given.

第10条


  一、称岛屿者指四面围水、露出高潮水面之天然形成之陆地。
  二、岛屿之领海依条款规定测定之。

Article 10


  1.An island is a naturally formed area of land, surrounded by water, which is above water at high tide.
  2.The territorial sea of an island is measured in accordance with the provisions of these articles.

第11条


  一、称低潮高地者谓低潮时四面围水但露出水面而于高潮时淹没之天然形成之陆地。低潮高地之全部或一部份位于距大陆或岛屿不超过领海宽度之处者,其低潮线得作为测算领海宽度之基线。
  二、低潮高地全部位于距大陆或岛屿超过领海宽度之处者,其本身无领海。

Article 11


  1.A low-tide elevation is a naturally formed area of land which is surrounded by and above water at low tide but submerged at high tide. Where a low-tide elevation is situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, the low-water line on that elevation may be used as the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea.
  2.Where a low-tide elevation is wholly situated at a distance exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, it has no territorial sea of its own.

第12条


  一、两国海岸相向或相邻者,除彼此另有协议外,均无权将本国领海扩展至每一点均与测算各该国领海宽度之基线上最近各点距离相等之中央线以外。但如因历史上权利或其他特殊情况而须以异于本项规定之方法划定两国领海之界限,本项规定不适用之。
  二、相同两国或相邻两国之领海分界线应于沿海国官方承认之大比例尺海图上标明之。

Article 12


  1.Where the coasts of two States are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither of the two States is entitled, failing agreement between them to the contrary, to extend its territorial sea beyond the median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the two States is measured. The provisions of this paragraph shall not apply, however, where it is necessary by reason of historic title or other special circumstances to delimit the territorial seas of the two States in a way which is at variance with this provision.
  2.The line of delimitation between the territorial seas of two States lying opposite to each other or adjacent to each other shall be marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal States.

第13条


  河川直接流注入海者,以河岸低潮线间连接河口各端之直线为基线。

Article 13


  If a river flows directly into the sea, the baseline shall be a straight line across the mouth of the river between points on the low-tide line of its banks.
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第一编  领海  第三节  无害通过权

SECTION III. RIGHT OF INNOCENT PASSAGE

甲款。适用于一切船舶之规则

Subsection A. Rules applicable to all ships

第14条


  一、无论是否沿海国之各国船舶依本条款之规定享有无害通过领海之权。
  二、称通过者谓在领海中航行,其目的或仅在经过领海而不进入内国水域,或为前往内国水域,或为自内国水域驶往公海。
  三、通过包括停船及下锚在内,但以通常航行附带有此需要,或因不可抗力或遇灾难确有有必要者为限。
  四、通过如不妨害沿海国之和平、善良秩序或安全即系无害通过。此项通过应遵照本条款及国际法其他规则为之。
  五、外国渔船于通过时如不遵守沿海国为防止此等船舶在领海内捕鱼而制定公布之法律规章,应不视为无害通过。
  六、潜水船艇须在海面上航行并揭示其国旗。

Article 14


  1.Subject to the provisions of these articles, ships of all States, whether coastal or not, shall enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.
  2.Passage means navigation through the territorial sea for the purpose either of traversing that sea without entering internal waters, or of proceeding to internal waters, or of making for the high seas from internal waters.
  3.Passage includes stopping and anchoring, but only insofar as the same are incidental to ordinary navigation or are rendered necessary by force majeure or by distress.
  4.Passage is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State. Such passage shall take place in conformity with these articles and with other rules of international law.
  5.Passage of foreign fishing vessels shall not be considered innocent if they do not observe such laws and regulations as the coastal State may make and publish in order to prevent these vessels from fishing in the territorial sea.
  6.Submarines are required to navigate on the surface and to show their flag.

第15条


  一、沿海国不得阻碍领海中之无害通过。
  二、沿海国须将其所知之领海内航行危险以适当方式通告周知。

Article 15


  1.The coastal State must not hamper innocent passage through the territorial sea.
  2.The coastal State is required to give appropriate publicity to any dangers to navigation, of which it has knowledge, within its territorial sea.

第16条


  一、沿海国得在其领海内采取必要步骤,以防止非为无害之通过。
  二、关于驶往内国水域之船舶,沿海国亦应有权采取必要步骤,以防止违反准其驶入此项水域之条件。
  三、以不抵触第四项之规定为限,沿海国于保障本国安全确有必要时,得在其领海之特定区域内暂时停止外国船舶之无害通过,但在外国船舶间不得有差别待遇。此项停止须于妥为公告后,方始发生效力。
  四、在公海之一部份与公海另一部份或外国领海之间供国际航行之用之海峡中,不得停止外国船舶之无害通过。

Article 16


  1.The coastal State may take the necessary steps in its territorial sea to prevent passage which is not innocent.
  2. In the case of ships proceeding to internal waters, the coastal State shall also have the right to take the necessary steps to prevent any breach of the conditions to which admission of those ships to those waters is subject.
  3.Subject to the provisions of paragraph 4, the coastal State may, without discrimination amongst foreign ships, suspend temporarily in specified areas of its territorial sea the innocent passage of foreign ships if such suspension is essential for the protection of its security. Such suspension shall take effect only after having been duly published.
  4.There shall be no suspension of the innocent passage of foreign ships through straits which are used for international navigation between one part of the high seas and another part of the high seas or the territorial sea of a foreign State.

第17条


  外国船舶行驶无害通过权时应遵守沿海国依本条款及国际法其他规则所制定之法律规章,尤应遵守有关运输及航行之此项法律规章。

Article 17


  Foreign ships exercising the right of innocent passage shall comply with the laws and regulations enacted by the coastal State in conformity with these articles and other rules of international law and, in particular, with such laws and regulations relating to transport and navigation.

乙款。适用于商船之规则

Subsection B. Rules applicable to merchant ships

第18条


  一、外国船舶仅在领海通过者,不得向其征收任何费用。
  二、向通过领海之外国船舶征收费用应仅以船舶受有特定服务须为偿付之情形为限。征收此项费用不得有差别待遇。

Article 18


  1.No charge may be levied upon foreign ships by reason only of their passage through the territorial sea.
  2.Charges may be levied upon a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea as payment only for specific services rendered to the ship. These charges shall be levied without discrimination.

第19条


  一、沿海国不得因外国船舶通过领海时船上发生犯罪行为而在通过领海之船上行使刑事管辖权、逮捕任何人或从事调查,但有下列之一者,不在此限:
  (一)犯罪之后果及于沿海国者;
  (二)犯罪行为扰乱国家和平或领海之善良秩序者;
  (三)经船长或船旗国领事请求地方当局予以协助者;
  (四)为取缔非法贩运麻醉药品确有必要者。
  二、前项规定不影响沿海国依本国法律对驶离内国水域通过领海之外国船舶采取步骤在船上实行逮捕或调查之权。
  三、遇有本条第一项及第二项所规定之情形,沿海国应于船长请求时,在采取任何步骤之前,先行通知船旗国领事机关,并应对该机关与船员间之接洽予以便利。如情形紧急,此项通知得于采取措施之际为之。
  四、地方当局于考虑是否或如何实行逮捕时,应妥为顾及航行之利益。
  五、倘外国船舶自外国海港启航,仅通过领海而进入内国水域,沿海国不得因该船进入领海前所发生之犯罪行为而在其通过领海时于船上采取任何步骤、逮捕任何人或从事调查。

Article 19


  1.The criminal jurisdiction of the coastal State should not be exercised on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed on board the ship during its passage, save only in the following cases:
  (a)If the consequences of the crime extend to the coastal State; or
  (b)If the crime is of a kind to disturb the peace of the country or the good order of the territorial sea; or
  (c)If the assistance of the local authorities has been requested by the captain of the ship or by the consul of the country whose flag the ship flies; or
  (d)If it is necessary for the suppression of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs.
  2.The above provisions do not affect the right of the coastal State to take any steps authorized by its laws for the purpose of an arrest or investigation on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.
  3. In the cases provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article, the coastal State shall, if the captain so requests, advise the consular authority of the flag State before taking any steps, and shall facilitate contact between such authority and the ship’s crew. In cases of emergency this notification may be communicated while the measures are being taken.
  4. In considering whether or how an arrest should be made, the local authorities shall pay due regard to the interests of navigation.
  5.The coastal State may not take any steps on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed before the ship entered the territorial sea, if the ship, proceeding from a foreign port, is only passing through the territorial sea without entering internal waters.

第20条


  一、沿海国对于通过领海之外国船舶不得为向船上之人行使民事管辖权而令船停驶或变更船舶航向。
  二、除关于船舶本身在沿海国水域航行过程中或为此种航行目的所承担或所生债务或义务之诉讼外,沿海国不得因任何民事诉讼而对船舶从事执行或实行逮捕。
  三、前项规定不妨碍沿海国为任何民事诉讼依本国法律对在其领海内停泊或驶离内国水域通过领海之外国船舶从事执行或实行逮捕之权。

Article 20


  1.The coastal State should not stop or divert a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea for the purpose of exercising civil jurisdiction in relation to a person on board the ship.
  2.The coastal State may not levy execution against or arrest the ship for the purpose of any civil proceedings, save only in respect of obligations or liabilities assumed or incurred by the ship itself in the course or for the purpose of its voyage through the waters of the coastal State.
  3.The provisions of the previous paragraph are without prejudice to the right of the coastal State, in accordance with its laws, to levy execution against or to arrest, for the purpose of any civil proceedings, a foreign ship lying in the territorial sea, or passing through the territorial sea after leaving internal waters.

丙款。适用于军舰以外政府船舶之规则

Subsection C. Rules applicable to government ships other than warships

第21条


  甲款及乙款所载规则亦适用于商务用途之政府船舶。

Article 21


  The rules contained in subsections A and B shall also apply to government ships operated for commercial purposes.

第22条


  一、甲款及第十八条所载规则适用于非商务用途之政府船舶。
  二、除前项所称各项规定载明之例外情形外,本条款绝不影响此船舶依本条款或国际法其他规则所享有之豁免。

Article 22


  1.The rules contained in subsection A and in article 18 shall apply to government ships operated for non-commercial purposes.
  2.With such exceptions as are contained in the provisions referred to in the preceding paragraph, nothing in these articles affects the immunities which such ships enjoy under these articles or other rules of international law.

Subsection D. Rules applicable to warships

丁款。适用于军舰之规则

第23条


  任何军舰不遵守沿海国有关通过领海之规章,经请其遵守而仍不依从者,沿海国得要求其离开领海。

Article 23


  If any warship does not comply with the regulations of the coastal State concerning passage through the territorial sea and disregards any request for compliance which is made to it, the coastal
  State may require the warship to leave the territorial sea.
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第二编  邻接区

PART II.CONTIGUOUS ZONE

第24条


  一、沿海国得在邻接其领海之公海区内行使必要之管制以:
  (一)防止在其领土或领海内有违犯其海关、财政、移民或卫生规章之行为;
  (二)惩治在其领土或领海内违犯前述规章之行为。
  二、此项邻接区自测定领海宽度之基线起算,不得超出十二浬。
  三、两国海岸相向或相邻者,除彼此另有协议外,均无权将本国之邻接区扩展至每一点均与测算两国领海宽度之基线上最近各点距离相等之中央线以外。

Article 24


  1. In a zone of the high seas contiguous to its territorial sea, the coastal State may exercise the control necessary to:
  (a)Prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary regulations within its territory or territorial sea;
  (b)Punish infringement of the above regulations committed within its territory or territorial sea.
  2.The contiguous zone may not extend beyond twelve miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
  3.Where the coasts of two States are opposite or adjacent to each other, neither of the two States is entitled, failing agreement between them to the contrary, to extend its contiguous zone beyond the median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of the two States is measured.
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第三编  最后条款

PART III.FINAL ARTICLES 9

第25条


  本公约之条款对于现已生效之公约或其他国际协定,就其当事各国间关系言,并不发生影响。

Article 25


  The provisions of this Convention shall not affect conventions or other international agreements already in force, as between States Parties to them.

第26条


  本公约在一九五八年十月三十一日以前听由联合国或任何专门机关之全体会员国及经由联合国大会邀请参加为本公约当事一方之任何其他国家签署。

Article 26


  This Convention shall, until 31 October 1958, be open for signature by all States Members of the
  United Nations or of any of the specialized agencies, and by any other State invited by the General
  Assembly of the United Nations to become a Party to the Convention.

第27条


  本公约应予批准。批准文件应送交联合国秘书长存放。

Article 27


  This Convention is subject to ratification. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

第28条


  本公约应听由属于第二十六条所称任何一类之国家加入。加入文件应送交联联合国秘书长存放。

Article 28


  This Convention shall be open for accession by any States belonging to any of the categories mentioned in article 26. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

第29条


  一、本公约应于第二十二条批准或加入文件送交联合国秘书长存放之日后第三十日起发生效力。
  二、对于在第二十二条批准或加入文件存放后批准或加入本公约之国家,本公约应于各该国存放批准或加入文件后第三十日起发生效力。

Article 29


  1.This Convention shall come into force on the thirtieth day following the date of deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification or accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
  2.For each State ratifying or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.

第30条


  一、缔约任何一方得于本公约生效之日起满五年后随时书面通知联合国秘书长请求修改本公约。
  二、对于此项请求应采何种步骤,由联合国大会决定之。

Article 30


  1.After the expiration of a period of five years from the date on which this Convention shall enter into force, a request for the revision of this Convention may be made at any time by any Contracting
  Party by means of a notification in writing addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
  2.The General Assembly of the United Nations shall decide upon the steps, if any, to be taken in respect of such request.

第31条


  联合国秘书长应将下列事项通知联合国各会员国及第二十六条所称之其他国家:
  (一)依第二十六条、第二十七条及第二十八条对本公约所为之签署及送存之批准或加入文件;
  (二)依第二十九条本公约发生效力之日期;
  (三)依第三十条所提关于修改本公约之请求。

Article 31


  The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States Members of the United
  Nations and the other States referred to in article 26: 10
  (a)Of signatures to this Convention and of the deposit of instruments of ratification or accession, in accordance with articles 26, 27 and 28;
  (b)Of the date on which this Convention will come into force, in accordance with article 29;
  (c)Of requests for revision in accordance with article 30.

第32条


  本公约之原本应交联合国秘书长存放,其中文、英文、法文、俄文及西班牙文各本同一作准;秘书长应将各文正式副本分送第二十六条所称各国。
  为此,下列全权代表各秉本国政府正式授予签字之权,谨签字于本公约,以昭信守。
  公历一千九百五十八年四月二十九日订于日内瓦。

Article 32


  The original of this Convention, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall send certified copies thereof to all States referred to in article 26.
  IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention.
  DONE at Geneva, this twenty-ninth day of April one thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight.

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