The present Convention applies to
the immunity of a State and its property from the jurisdiction of the courts of
another State.
1.为本公约的目的：
(a)“法院”是指一国有权行使司法职能的不论名称为何的任何机关；
(b)“国家”是指：
(一)国家及其政府的各种机关；
(二)有权行使主权权力并以该身份行事的联邦国家的组成单位或国家政治区分单位；
(三)国家机构、部门或其他实体，但须它们有权行使并且实际在行使国家的主权权力；
(四)以国家代表身份行事的国家代表。
(c)“商业交易”是指：
(一)为销售货物或为提供服务而订立的任何商业合同或交易；
(二)任何贷款或其他金融性质之交易的合同，包括涉及任何此类贷款或交易的任何担保义务或补偿义务；
(三)商业、工业、贸易或专业性质的任何其他合同或交易，但不包括雇用人员的合同。
2.在确定一项合同或交易是否为第1款(c)项所述的“商业交易”时，应主要参考该合同或交易的性质，但如果合同或交易的当事方已达成一致，或者根据法院地国的实践，合同或交易的目的与确定其非商业性质有关，则其目的也应予以考虑。
3.关于本公约用语的第1款和第2款的规定不妨碍其他国际文书或任何国家的国内法对这些用语的使用或给予的含义。
1. For the purposes of the present
Convention:
(a) “court” means any organ of a
State, however named, entitled to exercise judicial functions;
(b) “State” means:
(i) the State and its various
organs of government;
(ii) constituent units of a
federal State or political subdivisions of the State, which are entitled to
perform acts in the exercise of sovereign authority, and are acting in that
capacity;
(iii) agencies or
instrumentalities of the State or other entities, to the extent that they are
entitled to perform and are actually performing acts in the exercise of
sovereign authority of the State;
(iv) representatives of the State
acting in that capacity;
(c) “commercial transaction”
means:
(i) any commercial contract or
transaction for the sale of goods or supply of services;
(ii) any contract for a loan or
other transaction of a financial nature,including any obligation of guarantee
or of indemnity in respect of any such loan or transaction;
(iii) any other contract or
transaction of a commercial, industrial,trading or professional nature, but not
including a contract of employment of persons.
2. In determining whether a
contract or transaction is a “commercial transaction” under
paragraph 1 (c), reference should be made primarily to the nature of the
contract or transaction, but its purpose should also be taken into account if
the parties to the contract or transaction have so agreed, or if, in the practice
of the State of the forum, that purpose is relevant to determining the non-commercial
character of the contract or transaction.
3. The provisions of paragraphs 1
and 2 regarding the use of terms in the present Convention are without
prejudice to the use of those terms or to the meanings which may be given to
them in other international instruments or in the internal law of any State.
第3条 不受本公约影响的特权和豁免 Article 3 Privileges and immunities not affected by the present
Convention
1.本公约不妨碍国家根据国际法所享有的有关行使下列职能的特权和豁免：
(a)其外交代表机构、领事机构、特别使团、驻国际组织代表团，或派往国际组织的机关或国际会议的代表团的职能；和
(b)与上述机构有关联的人员的职能。
2.本公约不妨碍根据国际法给予国家元首个人的特权和豁免。
3.本公约不妨碍国家根据国际法对国家拥有或运营的航空器或空间物体所享有的豁免。
1. The present Convention is
without prejudice to the privileges and immunities enjoyed by a State under international law in relation to the exercise of
the functions of:
(a) its diplomatic missions,
consular posts, special missions, missions to international organizations or
delegations to organs of international organizations or to international
conferences; and
(b) persons connected with them.
2. The present Convention is
without prejudice to privileges and immunities accorded under international law
to heads of State ratione personae.
3. The present Convention is
without prejudice to the immunities enjoyed by a State under international law
with respect to aircraft or space objects owned or operated by a State.
第4条 本公约不溯及既往 Article
4 Non-retroactivity of the present Convention
在不妨碍本公约所述关于国家及其财产依国际法而非依本公约享有管辖豁免的任何规则的适用的前提下，本公约不应适用于在本公约对有关国家生效前，在一国法院对另一国提起的诉讼所引起的任何国家及其财产的管辖豁免问题。
Non-retroactivity of the present
Convention Without prejudice to the application of any rules set forth in the
present Convention to which jurisdictional immunities of States and their
property are subject under international law independently of the present
Convention, the present Convention shall not apply to any question of
jurisdictional immunities of States or their property arising in a proceeding
instituted against a Statebefore a
court of another State prior to the entry into force of the present Convention
for the States concerned.
回索引〉〉
第二部分 一般原则 Part II General principles
第5条 国家豁免 Article 5 State immunity
一国本身及其财产遵照本公约的规定在另一国法院享有管辖豁免。
A State enjoys immunity, in
respect of itself and its property, from the jurisdiction of the courts of
another State subject to the provisions of the present Convention.
第6条 实行国家豁免的方式 Article
6 Modalities for giving effect to State immunity
1.一国应避免对在其法院对另一国提起的诉讼行使管辖，以实行
第5条所规定的国家豁免；并应为此保证其法院主动地确定该另一国根据
第5条享有的豁免得到尊重。
2.在一国法院中的诉讼应视为对另一国提起的诉讼，如果该另一国：(a)被指名为该诉讼的当事一方；或(b)未被指名为该诉讼的当事一方，但该诉讼实际上企图影响该另一国的财产、权利、利益或活动。
1. A State shall give effect to
State immunity under article 5 by refraining from exercising jurisdiction in a
proceeding before its courts against another State and to that end shall ensure
that its courts determine on their own initiative that the immunity of that
other State under article 5 is respected.
2. A proceeding before a court of
a State shall be considered to have been instituted against another State if
that other State:
(a) is named as a party to that
proceeding; or
(b) is not named as a party to the
proceeding but the proceeding in effect seeks to affect the property, rights,
interests or activities of that other State.
第7条 明示同意行使管辖 Article 7 Express consent to exercise of jurisdiction
1.一国如以下列方式明示同意另一国对某一事项或案件行使管辖，则不得在该法院就该事项或案件提起的诉讼中援引管辖豁免：(a)国际协定；(b)书面合同；或(c)在法院发表的声明或在特定诉讼中提出的书面函件。
2.一国同意适用另一国的法律，不应被解释为同意该另一国的法院行使管辖权。
1. A State cannot invoke immunity
from jurisdiction in a proceeding before a court of another State with regard
to a matter or case if it has expressly consented to the exercise of
jurisdiction by the court with regard to the matter or case:
(a) by international agreement;
(b) in a written contract; or
(c) by a declaration before the
court or by a written communication in a specific proceeding.
2. Agreement by a State for the
application of the law of another State shall not be interpreted as consent to
the exercise of jurisdiction by the courts of that other State.
第8条 参加法院诉讼的效果 Article
8 Effect of participation in a proceeding before a court
1.在下列情况下，一国不得在另一国法院的诉讼中援引管辖豁免：(a)该国本身提起该诉讼，或(b)介入该诉讼或采取与案件实体有关的任何其他步骤。但如该国使法院确信它在采取这一步骤之前不可能知道可据以主张豁免的事实，则它可以根据那些事实主张豁免，条件是它必须尽早这样做。
2.一国不应被视为同意另一国的法院行使管辖权，如果该国仅为下列目的介入诉讼或采取任何其他步骤：(a)援引豁免；或(b)对诉讼中有待裁决的财产主张一项权利或利益。
3.一国代表在另一国法院出庭作证不应被解释为前一国同意法院行使管辖权。
4.一国未在另一国法院的诉讼中出庭不应被解释为前一国同意法院行使管辖权。
1. A State cannot invoke immunity
from jurisdiction in a proceeding before a court of another State if it has:
(a) itself instituted the
proceeding; or
(b) intervened in the proceeding
or taken any other step relating to the merits. However, if the State satisfies
the court that it could not have acquired knowledge of facts on which a claim
to immunity can be based until after it took such a step, it can claim immunity
based on those facts, provided it does so at the earliest possible moment.
2. A State shall not be considered
to have consented to the exercise of jurisdiction by a court of another State
if it intervenes in a proceeding or takes any other step for the sole purpose
of:
(a) invoking immunity; or
(b) asserting a right or interest
in property at issue in the proceeding.
3. The appearance of a
representative of a State before a court of another State as a witness shall
not be interpreted as consent by the former State to the exercise of
jurisdiction by the court.
4. Failure on the part of a State
to enter an appearance in a proceeding before a court of another State shall
not be interpreted as consent by the former State to the exercise of
jurisdiction by the court.
第9条 反诉 Article
9 Counterclaims
1.一国在另一国法院提起一项诉讼，不得就与本诉相同的法律关系或事实所引起的任何反诉向法院援引管辖豁免。
2.一国介入另一国法院的诉讼中提出诉讼请求，则不得就与该国提出的诉讼请求相同的法律关系或事实所引起的任何反诉援引管辖豁免。
3.一国在另一国法院对该国提起的诉讼中提出反诉，则不得就本诉向法院援引管辖豁免。
1. A State instituting a
proceeding before a court of another State cannot invoke immunity from the
jurisdiction of the court in respect of anycounterclaim
arising out of the same legal relationship or facts as the principal claim.
2. A State intervening to present
a claim in a proceeding before a court of another State cannot invoke immunity
from the jurisdiction of the court in respect of any counterclaim arising out
of the same legal relationship or facts as the claim presented by the State.
3. A State making a counterclaim
in a proceeding instituted against it before a court of another State cannot
invoke immunity from the jurisdiction of the court in respect of the principal
claim.
回索引〉〉
第三部分 不得援引国家豁免的诉讼 Part III Proceedings in which State immunity cannot be invoked
第10条 商业交易 Article 10 Commercial transactions
1.一国如与外国一自然人或法人进行一项商业交易，而根据国际私法适用的规则，有关该商业交易的争议应由另一国法院管辖，则该国不得在该商业交易引起的诉讼中援引管辖豁免。
2.第1款不适用于下列情况：
(a)国家之间进行的商业交易；或
(b)该商业交易的当事方另有明确协议。
3.当国家企业或国家所设其他实体具有独立的法人资格，并有能力：
(a)起诉或被诉；和
(b)获得、拥有或占有和处置财产，包括国家授权其经营或管理的财产，其卷入与其从事的商业交易有关的诉讼时，该国享有的管辖豁免不应受影响。
1. If a State engages in a
commercial transaction with a foreign natural or juridical person and, by
virtue of the applicable rules of private international law, differences
relating to the commercial transaction fall within the jurisdiction of a court
of another State, the State cannot invoke immunity from that jurisdiction in a
proceeding arising out of that commercial transaction.
2. Paragraph 1 does not apply:
(a) in the case of a commercial
transaction between States; or
(b) if the parties to the
commercial transaction have expressly agreed otherwise.
3. Where a State enterprise or
other entity established by a State which has an independent legal personality
and is capable of:
(a) suing or being sued; and
(b) acquiring, owning or
possessing and disposing of property,including property which that State has
authorized it to operate or manage,is involved in a proceeding which relates to
a commercial transaction in which that entity is engaged, the immunity from
jurisdiction enjoyed by that State shall not be affected.
第11条 雇用合同 Article 11 Contracts of employment
1.除有关国家间另有协定外，一国在该国和个人间关于已全部或部分在另一国领土进行，或将进行的工作之雇用合同的诉讼中，不得向该另一国原应管辖的法院援引管辖豁免。
2.第1款不适用于下列情况：
(a)招聘该雇员是为了履行行使政府权力方面的特定职能；
(b)该雇员是：
(一)1961年《
维也纳外交关系公约》所述的外交代表；
(二)1963年《
维也纳领事关系公约》所述的领事官员；
(三)常驻国际组织代表团外交工作人员、特别使团成员或获招聘代表一国出席国际会议的人员；或
(四)享有外交豁免的任何其他人员；
(c)诉讼的事由是个人的招聘、雇用期的延长或复职；
(d)诉讼的事由是解雇个人或终止对其雇用，且雇用国的国家元首、政府首脑或外交部长认定该诉讼有碍该国安全利益；
(e)该雇员在诉讼提起时是雇用国的国民，除非此人长期居住在法院地国；或
(f)该雇员和雇用国另有书面协议，但由于公共政策的任何考虑，因该诉讼的事由内容而赋予法院地国法院专属管辖权者不在此限。
1. Unless otherwise agreed between
the States concerned, a State cannot invoke immunity from jurisdiction before a
court of another State which is otherwise competent in a proceeding which
relates to a contract of employment between the State and an individual for
work performed or to be performed, in whole or in part, in the territory of
that other State.
2. Paragraph 1 does not apply if:
(a) the employee has been
recruited to perform particular functions in the exercise of governmental
authority;
(b) the employee is:
(i) a diplomatic agent, as defined
in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961;
(ii) a consular officer, as
defined in the Vienna Convention onConsular
Relations of 1963;
(iii) a member of the diplomatic
staff of a permanent mission to an international organization or of a special
mission, or is recruited torepresent a State at an international conference; or
(iv) any other person enjoying
diplomatic immunity;
(c) the subject-matter of the
proceeding is the recruitment, renewal of employment or reinstatement of an
individual;
(d) the subject-matter of the
proceeding is the dismissal ortermination
of employment of an individual and, as determined by the head of State, the
head of Government or the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the employer State,
such a proceeding would interfere with the security interests of that State;
(e) the employee is a national of
the employer State at the time when the proceeding is instituted, unless this
person has the permanent residence in the State of the forum; or
(f) the employer State and the
employee have otherwise agreed in writing, subject to any considerations of
public policy conferring on the courts of the State of the forum exclusive
jurisdiction by reason of the subject-matter of the proceeding.
第12条 人身伤害和财产损害 Article
12 Personal injuries and damage to property
除有关国家间另有协议外，一国在对主张由可归因于该国的作为或不作为引起的死亡或人身伤害、或有形财产的损害或灭失要求金钱赔偿的诉讼中，如果该作为或不作为全部或部分发生在法院地国领土内，而且作为或不作为的行为人在作为或不作为发生时处于法院地国领土内，则不得向另一国原应管辖的法院援引管辖豁免。
Unless otherwise agreed between
the States concerned, a State cannot invoke immunity from jurisdiction before a
court of another State which is otherwise competent in a proceeding which
relates to pecuniary compensation for death or injury to the person, or damage
to or loss of tangible property,caused by an act or omission which is alleged
to be attributable to the State, if the act or omission occurred in whole or in
part in the territory of that other State and if the author of the act or
omission was present in that territory at the time of the act or omission.
第13条 财产的所有、占有和使用 Article 13 Ownership, possession and use of property
除有关国家间另有协定外，一国在涉及确定下列问题的诉讼中，不得对另一国原应管辖的法院援引管辖豁免：
(a)该国对位于法院地国的不动产的任何权利或利益，或该国对该不动产的占有或使用，或该国由于对该不动产的利益或占有或使用而产生的任何义务；
(b)该国对动产或不动产由于继承、赠予或无人继承而产生的任何权利或利益；或
(c)该国对托管财产、破产者财产或公司解散前清理之财产的管理的任何权利或利益。
Unless otherwise agreed between
the States concerned, a State cannot invoke immunity from jurisdiction before a
court of another State which is otherwise competent in a proceeding which
relates to the determination of:
(a) any right or interest of the
State in, or its possession or use of, or any obligation of the State arising
out of its interest in, or its possession or use of, immovable property
situated in the State of the forum;
(b) any right or interest of the
State in movable or immovable property arising by way of succession, gift or
bona vacantia; or
(c) any right or interest of the
State in the administration of property,such as trust property, the estate of a
bankrupt or the property of a company in the event of its winding up.
第14条 智慧财产权和工业产权 Article 14 Intellectual and industrial property
除有关国家间另有协议外，一国在有关下列事项的诉讼中不得向另一国原应管辖的法院援引管辖豁免：
(a)确定该国对在法院地国享受某种程度、即使是暂时的法律保护的专利、工业设计、商业名称或企业名称、商标、版权或任何其他形式的智慧财产权或工业产权的任何权利；或
(b)据称该国在法院地国领土内侵犯在法院地国受到保护的、属于第三者的(a)项所述性质的权利。
Unless otherwise agreed between
the States concerned, a State cannot invoke immunity from jurisdiction before a
court of another State which is otherwise competent in a proceeding which
relates to:
(a) the determination of any right
of the State in a patent, industrialdesign,
trade name or business name, trademark, copyright or any other form of
intellectual or industrial property which enjoys a measure of legal protection,
even if provisional, in the State of the forum; or
(b) an alleged infringement by the
State, in the territory of the State of the forum, of a right of the nature
mentioned in subparagraph (a) which belongs to a third person and is protected
in the State of the forum.
第15条 参加公司或其他集体机构 Article 15 Participation in companies or other collective bodies
1.一国在有关该国参加具有或不具有法人资格的公司或其他集体机构的诉讼中，即在关于该国与该机构或该机构其他参加者之间关系的诉讼中，不得向另一国原应管辖的法院援引管辖豁免，但有以下条件：
(a)该机构的参加者不限于国家或国际组织；而且
(b)该机构是按照法院地国法律注册或组成，或其所在地或主要营业地位于法院地国。
2.但是，如果有关国家同意，或如果争端当事方之间的书面协议作此规定，或如果建立或管理有关机构的文书中载有此一规定，则一国可以在此诉讼中援引管辖豁免。
1. A State cannot invoke immunity
from jurisdiction before a court of another State which is otherwise competent
in a proceeding which relates to its participation in a company or other collective
body, whether incorporated or unincorporated, being a proceeding concerning the
relationship between the State and the body or the other participants therein,
provided that the body:
(a) has participants other than
States or international organizations;and
(b) is incorporated or constituted
under the law of the State of the forum or has its seat or principal place of
business in that State.
2. A State can, however, invoke
immunity from jurisdiction in such a proceeding if the States concerned have so
agreed or if the parties to the dispute have so provided by an agreement in
writing or if the instrument establishing or regulating the body in question
contains provisions to that effect.
第16条 国家拥有或经营的船舶 Article
16 Ships owned or operated by a State
1.除有关国家间另有协议外，拥有或经营一艘船舶的一国，在另一国原应管辖的法院有关该船舶的经营的一项诉讼中，只要在诉讼事由产生时该船舶是用于政府非商业性用途以外的目的，即不得援引管辖豁免。
2.第1款不适用于军舰或辅助舰艇，也不适用于一国拥有或经营的、专门用于政府非商业性活动的其他船舶。
3.除有关国家间另有协议外，一国在有关该国拥有或经营的船舶所载货物之运输的一项诉讼中，只要在诉讼事由产生时该船舶是用于政府非商业性用途以外的目的，即不得向另一国原应管辖的法院援引管辖豁免。
4.第3款不适用于第2款所指船舶所载运的任何货物，也不适用于国家拥有的、专门用于或意图专门用于政府非商业性用途的任何货物。
5.国家可提出私有船舶、货物及其所有人所能利用的一切抗辩措施、时效和责任限制。
6.如果在一项诉讼中产生有关一国拥有或经营的一艘船舶、或一国拥有的货物的政府非商业性质问题，由该国的一个外交代表或其他主管当局签署并送交法院的证明，应作为该船舶或货物性质的证据。
1. Unless otherwise agreed between
the States concerned, a State which owns or operates a ship cannot invoke
immunity from jurisdiction before a court of another State which is otherwise
competent in a proceeding which relates to the operation of that ship if, at
the time the cause of action arose, the ship was used for other than government
non-commercial purposes.
2. Paragraph 1 does not apply to
warships, or naval auxiliaries, nor does it apply to other vessels owned or
operated by a State and used, for the time being, only on government
non-commercial service.
3. Unless otherwise agreed between
the States concerned, a State cannot invoke immunity from jurisdiction before a
court of another State which is otherwise competent in a proceeding which
relates to the carriage of cargo on board a ship owned or operated by that
State if, at the time the cause of action arose, the ship was used for other
than government non-commercial purposes.
4. Paragraph 3 does not apply to
any cargo carried on board the ships referred to in paragraph 2, nor does it
apply to any cargo owned by a State and used or intended for use exclusively
for government non-commercial purposes.
5. States may plead all measures
of defence, prescription and limitation of liability which are available to
private ships and cargoes and their owners.
6. If in a proceeding there arises
a question relating to the government and non-commercial character of a ship
owned or operated by a State or cargo owned by a State, a certificate signed by
a diplomatic representative or other competent authority of that State and
communicated to the court shall serve as evidence of the character of that ship
or cargo.
第17条 仲裁协定的效果 Article 17 Effect of an arbitration agreement
一国如与外国一自然人或法人订立书面协定，将有关商业交易的争议提交仲裁，则该国不得在另一国原应管辖的法院有关下列事项的诉讼中援引管辖豁免；
(a)仲裁协议的有效性、解释或适用；
(b)仲裁程式；或
(c)裁决的确认或撤销，
但仲裁协议另有规定者除外。
If a State enters into an
agreement in writing with a foreign natural or juridical person to submit to
arbitration differences relating to a commercial transaction, that State cannot
invoke immunity from jurisdiction before a court of another State which is
otherwise competent in a proceeding which relates to:
(a) the validity, interpretation
or application of the arbitration agreement;
(b) the arbitration procedure; or
(c) the confirmation or the
setting aside of the award,unless the arbitration agreement otherwise provides.
回索引〉〉
第四部分 在法院诉讼中免于强制措施的国家豁免 Part IV State immunity from measures of constraint in connection
with proceedings before a court
第18条 免于判决前的强制措施的国家豁免Article 18 State immunity from pre-judgment measures of constraint
不得在另一国法院的诉讼中针对一国财产采取判决前的强制措施，例如查封和扣押措施，除非：
(a)该国以下列方式明示同意采取此类措施：
(一)国际协定；
(二)仲裁协议或书面合同；或
(三)在法院发表的声明或在当事方发生争端后提出的书面函件；或
(b)该国已经拨出或专门指定该财产用于清偿该诉讼标的的请求。
No pre-judgment measures of
constraint, such as attachment or arrest,against property of a State may be
taken in connection with a proceeding before a court of another State unless
and except to the extent that:
(a) the State has expressly
consented to the taking of such measures as indicated:
(i) by international agreement;
(ii) by an arbitration agreement
or in a written contract; or
(iii) by a declaration before the
court or by a written communication after a dispute between the parties has
arisen; or
(b) the State has allocated or
earmarked property for the satisfaction of the claim which is the object of
that proceeding.
第19条 免于判决后的强制措施的国家豁免 Article 19 State immunity from post-judgment measures of constraint
不得在另一国法院的诉讼中针对一国财产采取判决后的强制措施，例如查封、扣押和执行措施，除非：
(a)该国以下列方式明示同意采取此类措施：
(一)国际协定；
(二)仲裁协议或书面合同；或
(三)在法院发表的声明或在当事方发生争端后提出的书面函件；或
(b)该国已经拨出或专门指定该财产用于清偿该诉讼标的的请求；或
(c)已经证明该财产被该国具体用于或意图用于政府非商业性用途以外的目的，并且处于法院地国领土内，但条件是只可对与被诉实体有联系的财产采取判决后强制措施。
No post-judgment measures of
constraint, such as attachment, arrest or execution, against property of a
State may be taken in connection with a proceeding before a court of another
State unless and except to the extent that:
(a) the State has expressly
consented to the taking of such measures as indicated:
(i) by international agreement;
(ii) by an arbitration agreement
or in a written contract; or
(iii) by a declaration before the
court or by a written communication after a dispute between the parties has
arisen; or
(b) the State has allocated or
earmarked property for the satisfaction of the claim which is the object of
that proceeding; or
(c) it has been established that
the property is specifically in use or intended for use by the State for other
than government non-commercial purposes and is in the territory of the State of
the forum, provided that postjudgment measures of constraint may only be taken
against property that has a connection with the entity against which the
proceeding was directed.
第20条 同意管辖对强制措施的效力 Article 20 Effect of consent to jurisdiction to measures of
constraint
虽然必须按照
第18条和
第19条表示同意采取强制措施，但按照
第7条的规定同意行使管辖并不构成默示同意采取强制措施。
Where consent to the measures of constraint
is required under articles 18 and 19, consent to the exercise of jurisdiction
under article 7 shall not imply consent to the taking of measures of
constraint.
第21条 特定种类的财产 Article
21 Specific categories of property
1.一国的以下各类财产尤其不应被视为
第19条(c)项所指被一国具体用于或意图用于政府非商业性用途以外目的的财产：
(a)该国外交代表机构、领事机构、特别使团、驻国际组织代表团、派往国际组织的机关或国际会议的代表团履行公务所用或意图所用的财产，包括任何银行帐户款项；
(b)属于军事性质，或用于或意图用于军事目的的财产；
(c)该国中央银行或其他货币当局的财产；
(d)构成该国文化遗产的一部分或该国档案的一部分，且非供出售或意图出售的财产；
(e)构成具有科学、文化或历史价值的物品展览的一部分，且非供出售或意图出售的财产。
2.第1款不妨碍
第18条和
第19条(a)项和(b)项。
1. The following categories, in
particular, of property of a State shall not be considered as property
specifically in use or intended for use by the State for other than government
non-commercial purposes under article 19,subparagraph (c):
(a) property, including any bank
account, which is used or intended for use in the performance of the functions
of the diplomatic mission of the State or its consular posts, special missions,
missions to international organizations or delegations to organs of
international organizations or to international conferences;
(b) property of a military
character or used or intended for use in the performance of military functions;
(c) property of the central bank
or other monetary authority of the State;
(d) property forming part of the
cultural heritage of the State or part of its archives and not placed or
intended to be placed on sale;(e) property forming part of an exhibition of
objects of scientific,cultural or historical interest and not placed or intended
to be placed on sale.
2. Paragraph 1 is without
prejudice to article 18 and article 19,subparagraphs (a) and (b).
回索引〉〉
第五部分 杂项规定 Part V Miscellaneous provisions
第22条 诉讼文书的送达 Article 22 Service of process
1.送达传票或对一国提起诉讼的其他文书应按以下方式进行：
(a)按照对法院地国和有关国家有约束力的任何可适用的国际公约；或
(b)如果法院地国法律未作禁止，则按照求偿方和有关国家关于送达诉讼文书的特殊安排；或
(c)如无此公约或特殊安排，则：
(一)通过外交管道送交有关国家的外交部；或
(二)采取有关国家接受的不受法院地国法律禁止的任何其他方式。
2.以第1款(c)(一)项所指的方式送达诉讼文书时，外交部收到该项文书即视为该项文书已送达。
3.在必要时，送达的文书应附有译成有关国家正式语文或正式语文之一的译本。
4.任何国家在对其提起的诉讼中就实质问题出庭，其后即不得声称诉讼文书的送达不符合第1款和第3款的规定。
1. Service of process by writ or
other docxument instituting a proceeding against a State shall be effected:
(a) in accordance with any
applicable international convention binding on the State of the forum and the
State concerned; or
(b) in accordance with any special
arrangement for service between the claimant and the State concerned, if not
precluded by the law of the State of the forum; or
(c) in the absence of such a
convention or special arrangement:
(i) by transmission through
diplomatic channels to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the State concerned;
or
(ii) by any other means accepted
by the State concerned, if not precluded by the law of the State of the forum.
2. Service of process referred to
in paragraph 1 (c) (i) is deemed to have been effected by receipt of the
docxuments by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
3. These docxuments shall be
accompanied, if necessary, by a translation into the official language, or one
of the official languages, of the State concerned.
4. Any State that enters an
appearance on the merits in a proceeding instituted against it may not
thereafter assert that service of process did not comply with the provisions of
paragraphs 1 and 3.
第23条 缺席判决 Article
23 Default judgment
1.不得对一国作出缺席判决，除非法院已查明：
(a)
第22条第1款和第3款规定的要求已获遵守；
(b)从按照
第22条第1款和第2款送达传票或其他起诉文书之日算起，或视为已送达之日算起至少已经四个月；并且
(c)本公约不禁止法院行使管辖权。
2.对一国作出任何缺席判决，应通过
第22条第1款所指的一种方式并按该款规定将判决书的副本送交该有关国家，必要时附上译成有关国家正式语文或正式语文之一的译本。
3.申请撤销一项缺席判决的时限不应少于四个月，时限应从有关国家收到判决书副本或视为有关国家收到判决书副本之日算起。
1. A default judgment shall not be
rendered against a State unless the court has found that:
(a) the requirements laid down in
article 22, paragraphs 1 and 3, have been complied with;
(b) a period of not less than four
months has expired from the date on which the service of the writ or other
docxument instituting a proceeding has been effected or deemed to have been
effected in accordance with article 22,paragraphs 1 and 2; and
(c) the present Convention does
not preclude it from exercising jurisdiction.
2. A copy of any default judgment
rendered against a State, accompanied if necessary by a translation into the
official language or one of the officiallanguages
of the State concerned, shall be transmitted to it through one of the means
specified in article 22, paragraph 1, and in accordance with the provisions of
that paragraph.
3. The time-limit for applying to
have a default judgment set aside shall not be less than four months and shall
begin to run from the date on which the copy of the judgment is received or is
deemed to have been received by the State concerned.
第24条 法院诉讼期间的特权和豁免 Article 24 Privileges and immunities during court proceedings
1.如一国未能或拒绝遵守另一国法院为一项诉讼的目的所下达的关于要求它实行或不实行一项特定行为，或提供任何文件，或透露任何其他资料的命令，则这种行为除了对该案的实质可能产生的后果外，不应产生任何其他后果。特别是，不应因此对该国处以任何罚款或罚金。
2.一国对它在另一国法院作为被告方的任何诉讼，均无须出具无论何种名称的担保、保证书或保证金保证支付司法费用或开支。
1. Any failure or refusal by a
State to comply with an order of a court of another State enjoining it to
perform or refrain from performing a specific act or to produce any docxument or
disclose any other information for the purposes of a proceeding shall entail no
consequences other than those which may result from such conduct in relation to
the merits of the case. In particular, no fine or penalty shall be imposed on
the State by reason of such failure or refusal.
2. A State shall not be required
to provide any security, bond or deposit,however described, to guarantee the
payment of judicial costs or expenses in any proceeding to which it is a respondent
party before a court of another State.
回索引〉〉
第六部分 最后条款 Part VI Final clauses
第25条 附件 Article
25 Annex
本公约附件为公约的组成部分。
The annex to the present
Convention forms an integral part of the Convention.
第26条 其他国际协定 Article
26 Other international agreements
本公约不影响与本公约所涉事项有关的现有国际协定对缔约国所规定的，适用于这些协定缔约方之间的权利和义务。
Nothing in the present Convention
shall affect the rights and obligations of States Parties under existing
international agreements which relate to matters dealt with in the present
Convention as between the parties to those agreements.
第27条 争端的解决 Article
27 Settlement of disputes
1.缔约国应致力通过谈判解决关于本公约的解释或适用方面的争端。
2.两个或两个以上的缔约国之间关于本公约的解释或适用方面的任何争端，不能在六个月内谈判解决的，经前述任一缔约国要求，应交付仲裁。如果自要求仲裁之日起六个月内，前述缔约国不能就仲裁的组成达成协议，其中任一缔约国可以依照《
国际法院规约》提出请求，将争端提交国际法院审理。
3.每一个缔约国在签署、批准、接受或核准本公约或加入本公约时，可以声明本国不受第2款的约束。相对于作出这项保留的任何缔约国，其他缔约国也不受第2款的约束。
4.依照第3款的规定作出保留的任何缔约国，可以随时通知联合国秘书长撤回该项保留。
1. States Parties shall endeavour
to settle disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the present
Convention through negotiation.
2. Any dispute between two or more
States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the present
Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation within six months shall,
at the request of any of those States Parties, be submitted to arbitration. If,
six months after the date of the request for arbitration, those States Parties
are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any of those States
Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request
in accordance with the Statute of the Court.
3. Each State Party may, at the
time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to,
the present Convention, declare that it does not consider itself bound by
paragraph 2. The other States Parties shall not be bound by paragraph 2 with
respect to any State Party which has made such a declaration.
4. Any State Party that has made a
declaration in accordance with paragraph 3 may at any time withdraw that
declaration by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
第28条 签署 Article
28 Signature
本公约应在2007年1月17日之前开放给所有国家在纽约联合国总部签署。
The present Convention shall be
open for signature by all States until 17.January 2007, at United Nations
Headquarters, New York.
第29条 批准、接受、核准或加入 Article 29 Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
1.本公约须经批准、接受、核准或加入。
2.本公约持续开放给任何国家加入。
3.批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书应交存联合国秘书长。
1. The present Convention shall be
subject to ratification, acceptance or approval.
2. The present Convention shall
remain open for accession by any State.
3.The instruments of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General
of the United Nations.
第30条 生效Article 30 Entry into force
1.本公约应自第三十份批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书交存联合国秘书长之日后第三十天生效。
2.对于在第三十份批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书交存以后批准、接受、核准或加入本公约的每一国家，本公约应在该国将批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书交存之后第三十天生效。
1. The present Convention shall
enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date of deposit of the
thirtieth instrument of ratification,acceptance, approval or accession with the
Secretary-General of the UnitedNations.
2. For each State ratifying,
accepting, approving or acceding to the present Convention after the deposit of
the thirtieth instrument of ratification,acceptance, approval or accession, the
Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the deposit by
such State of its instrument of ratification,acceptance, approval or accession.
第31条 退出 Article 31 Denunciation
1.任何缔约国可书面通知联合国秘书长退出本公约。
2.退出应自联合国秘书长接到通知之日起一年后生效。但本公约应继续适用于在退出对任何有关国家生效前，在一国法院对另一国提起的诉讼所引起的任何国家及其财产的管辖豁免问题。
3.退出决不影响任何缔约国按照国际法而非依本公约即应担负的履行本公约所载任何义务的责任。
1. Any State Party may denounce
the present Convention by writtennotification to the Secretary-General of the
United Nations.
2. Denunciation shall take effect
one year following the date on which notification is received by the
Secretary-General of the United Nations. The present Convention shall, however,
continue to apply to any question of jurisdictional immunities of States or
their property arising in a proceeding instituted against a State before a
court of another State prior to the date on which the denunciation takes effect
for any of the States concerned.
3. The denunciation shall not in
any way affect the duty of any State Party to fulfil any obligation embodied in
the present Convention to which it would be subject under international law
independently of the present Convention.
第32条 保存机关和通知 Article
32 Depositary and notifications
1.联合国秘书长应为本公约的保存机关。
2.联合国秘书长作为本公约的保存机关，应将以下事项通知所有国家：
(a)本公约的签署及按照
第29条和
第31条交存批准书、接受书、核准书或加入书或退出通知的情况；
(b)本公约按照
第30条生效之日期；
(c)与本公约有关的任何文书、通知或来文。
1. The Secretary-General of the
United Nations is designated the depositary of the present Convention.
2. As depositary of the present
Convention, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States
of the following:
(a) signatures of the present
Convention and the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval
or accession or notifications of denunciation, in accordance with articles 29
and 31;
(b) the date on which the present
Convention will enter into force, in accordance with article 30;
(c) any acts, notifications or
communications relating to the present Convention.
第33条 作准文本 Article
33 Authentic texts
本公约的阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文文本同等作准。本公约于2005年1月17日在纽约联合国总部开放供签字。下列签署人经各自政府正式授权在本公约上签字，以昭信守。
The Arabic, Chinese, English,
French, Russian and Spanish texts of the present Convention are equally
authentic.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by
their respective Governments, have signed this Convention opened for signature
at United Nations Headquarters in New York on 17 January 2005.
回索引〉〉
公约附件 Annex to
the Convention
对公约若干规定的理解
本附件旨在列出对有关规定的理解。
Understandings with respect to
certain provisions of the Convention
The present annex is for the
purpose of setting out understandings relating to the provisions concerned.
第10条 With
respect to article 10
第10条中的“豁免”一词应根据本公约全文来理解。
第10条第3款并不预断“掀开公司面纱”的问题，涉及国家实体故意虚报其财务状况或继而减少其资产，以避免清偿索赔要求的问题，或其他有关问题。
The term “immunity” in article 10
is to be understood in the context ofthe present Convention as a whole.
Article 10, paragraph 3, does not
prejudge the question of “piercing the corporate veil”, questions relating to a
situation where a State entity has deliberately misrepresented its financial
position or subsequently reduced its assets to avoid satisfying a claim, or
other related issues.
第11条 With
respect to article 11
第11条第2款(d)项所提到的雇主国“安全利益”主要是针对国家安全事项和外交使团和领事馆的安全而言。
1961年《维也纳外交关系公约》第
四十一条和1963年《维也纳领事关系公约》第
五十五条规定，条款提及的所有个人都有义务遵守东道国的法律规章，包括遵守东道国的劳工法。同时，1961年《维也纳外交关系公约》第
三十八条和1963年《维也纳领事关系公约》第
七十一条规定，接受国有义务在行使管辖时，不对使团或领馆开展工作造成不当妨碍。
The reference in article 11,
paragraph 2 (d), to the “security interests” of the employer State is intended
primarily to address matters of national security and the security of
diplomatic missions and consular posts.
Under
article 41 of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic
Relations and article 55 of the
1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations,all persons referred to in those
articles have the duty to respect the laws and regulations, including labour
laws, of the host country. At the same time, under article 38 of the 1961
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and article 71.of the 1963 Vienna
Convention on Consular Relations, the receiving State has a duty to exercise
its jurisdiction in such a manner as not to interfere unduly with the
performance of the functions of the mission or the consularpost.
第13条和第14条With
respect to articles 13 and 14
“确定”一词不仅指查明或核查是否有受保护的权利，而且也指评价或评估此类权利的实质，包括其内容、范围和程度。
The expression “determination” is
used to refer not only to the ascertainment or verification of the existence of
the rights protected, but also to the evaluation or assessment of the
substance, including content, scope and extent, of such rights.
第17条 With
respect to article 17
“商业交易”一词包括投资事项。
The expression “commercial
transaction” includes investment matters.
第19条 With
respect to article 19
(c)款“实体”一词系指作为独立法人的国家，以及具有独立法人地位的联邦制国家的组成部分、国家政治区分单位、国家的机构或部门或其他实体。
(c)款“与被诉实体有联系的财产”一语应理解为具有比“所有”或“占有”更广泛的含义。
第19条并不预断“掀开公司面纱”的问题，涉及国家实体故意虚报其财务状况或随后减少其资产，以避免清偿索赔要求，或其他有关问题。
The expression “entity” in
subparagraph (c) means the State as an independent legal personality, a constituent
unit of a federal State, a subdivision of a State, an agency or instrumentality
of a State or other entity,which enjoys independent legal personality.
The words “property that has a
connection with the entity” in subparagraph (c) are to be understood as broader
than ownership or possession.
Article 19 does not prejudge the
question of “piercing the corporate veil”, questions relating to a situation
where a State entity has deliberately misrepresented its financial position or
subsequently reduced its assets to avoid satisfying a claim, or other related
issues.
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
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