鉴于对人类家庭所有成员的固有尊严及其平等的和不移的权利的承认, 乃是世界自由、正义及和平的基础,
鉴于对人权的忽视及侮蔑已发展为野蛮暴行, 这些暴行玷污了人类的良心, 而一个人人享有言论和信仰自由并免于恐惧和匮乏的世界的来临, 已被宣布为普通人民的最高愿望,
鉴于为使人类不致迫不得已铤而走险, 对暴政和压迫进行反抗, 有必要使人权受法治的保护,
鉴于有必要促进各国间友好关系的发展,
鉴于联合国国家的人民已在联合国宪章中重申他们对基本人权、人格尊严和价值以及男女平等权利的信心, 并决心促成较大自由中的社会进步和生活水平的改善,
鉴于各会员国都已誓愿同联合国合作, 以促进对人权和基本自由的普遍尊重和遵行,
鉴于对这些权利和自由的普遍了解, 对于这个誓愿的充分实现, 有很大的重要性,
因此, 现在,
大会
【Preamble】
Whereas
recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of
all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace
in the world,
Whereas
disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which
have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which
human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and
want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it
is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort,
to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be
protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it
is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,
Whereas
the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in
fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in
the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social
progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas
Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the
United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human
rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a
common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance
for the full realization of this pledge,
Now,
therefore,
The
General Assembly,
【宣告】
这一世界人权宣言, 作为所有人民和所有国家努力实现的共同标准, 以期每一个人和社会机构经常铭念本宣言, 努力通过教诲和教育, 促进对权利和自由的尊重, 并通过国家的和国际的渐进措施, 使这些权利和自由在各会员国本身人民及在其管辖下领土的人民中, 得到普遍和有效的承认和遵行。
【Proclaims】
THIS
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for
all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ
of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by
teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by
progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and
effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States
themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
【内容】
第1条
人皆生而自由；在尊严及权利上均各平等。人各赋有理性良知，诚应和睦相处，情同手足。
Article 1
All human
beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with
reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood.
Everyone
is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration,
without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion,
political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other
status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the
political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to
which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or
under any other limitation of sovereignty.
第3条
人人有权享有生命、自由与人身安全。
Article 3.
Everyone
has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
第4条
任何人不容使为奴役；奴隶制度及奴隶贩卖，不论出于何种方式，悉应予以禁止。
Article 4.
No one
shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms.
第5条
任何人不容加以酷刑，或施以残忍不人道或侮慢之待遇或处罚。
Article 5.
No one
shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment.
第6条
人人于任何所在有被承认为法律上主体之权利。
Article 6.
Everyone
has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
All are
equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal
protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination
in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such
discrimination.
第8条
人人于其宪法或法律所赋予之基本权利被侵害时，有权享受国家管辖法庭之有效救济。
Article 8.
Everyone
has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for
acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by
law.
第9条
任何人不容加以无理逮捕、拘禁或放逐。
Article 9.
No one
shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
第10条
人人于其权利与义务受判定时及被刑事控告时，有权享受独立无私之法庭之绝对平等不偏且公开之听审。
Article 10.
Everyone
is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and
impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of
any criminal charge against him.
(1)
Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent
until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all
the guarantees necessary for his defence.
(2) No one
shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission
which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law,
at the time when it was committed Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than
the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
No one
shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or
correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation Everyone has the
right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
(1)
Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders
of each state.
(2)
Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return
to his country.
(1)
Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
persecution.
(2) This
right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from
non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of
the United Nations.
第15条
一、人人有权享有国籍。
二、任何人之国籍不容无理褫夺，其更改国籍之权利不容否认。
Article 15.
(1)
Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one
shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change
his nationality.
(1) Men
and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or
religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to
equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Marriage
shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending
spouses.
(3) The
family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to
protection by society and the State.
第17条
一、人人有权单独占有或与他人合有财产。
二、任何人之财产不容无理剥夺。
Article 17.
(1)
Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with
others.
(2) No one
shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Everyone
has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or
in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or
belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Everyone
has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom
to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart
information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
第20条
一、人人有和平集会结社自由之权。
二、任何人不容强使隶属于某一团体。
Article 20.
(1)
Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No one
may be compelled to belong to an association.
(1)
Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly
or through freely chosen representatives.
(2)
Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.
(3) The
will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this
shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by
universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent
free voting procedures.
Everyone,
as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to
realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in
accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic,
social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free
development of his personality.
(1)
Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and
favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
(2)
Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal
work.
(3)
Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring
for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and
supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
(4)
Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of
his interests.
第24条
人人有休息及闲暇之权，包括工作时间受合理限制及定期有给休假之权。
Article 24.
Everyone
has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working
hours and periodic holidays with pay.
(1)
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and
well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and
medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the
event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack
of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
(2)
Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All
children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social
protection.
(1)
Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory.
Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and
higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
(2)
Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality
and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It
shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial
or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for
the maintenance of peace.
(3)
Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given
to their children.
(1)
Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the
community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its
benefits.
(2)
Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests
resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is
the author.
第28条
人人有权享受本宣言所载权利与自由可得全部实现之社会及国际秩序。
Article 28.
Everyone
is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and
freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
(1)
Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.
(2) In the
exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such
limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due
recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting
the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a
democratic society.
(3) These
rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and
principles of the United Nations.
第30条
本宣言所载，不得解释为任可国家、团体或个人有权以任何活动或任何行为破坏本宣言内之任何权利与自由。
Article 30.
Nothing in
this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person
any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the
destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
